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The Effects of Implicit, Explicit, and Emergent Oral Feedback on Iranian EFL Learners' Accuracy, Fluency, and Attitude | ||
| Journal of Language Horizons | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 2، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 4، مهر 2018، صفحه 75-102 اصل مقاله (1.53 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/lghor.2019.26029.1122 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Maryam Zarei1؛ Touran Ahour* 2؛ Zohreh Seifoori3 | ||
| 1PhD candidate, Department of English, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor of TEFL, Department of English, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| 3Associate Professor of TEFL, Department of English, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| In this study it was attempted to investigate whether different CF strategies, including implicit, explicit, and emergent CF, can differently affect the accuracy and fluency of oral production among Iranian EFL learners. In addition, it explored the learners' attitudes towards how they felt about the CF types applied in the classroom. For these purposes, the researchers selected 54 homogeneous pre-intermediate learners on the basis of the PET results and randomly assigned them into three experimental groups: the Implicit group, the Explicit group, and the Emergent group. While the Implicit and Explicit groups received just implicit feedback and explicit correction for their erroneous oral production, respectively, the Emergent group took CF from implicit to explicit. Oral narrative and picture description tasks and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the quantitative and qualitative data for the study. The results of inferential statistics indicated significant differences among the feedback types in both past-tense and future-tense accuracy. Moreover, the Emergent group had a better performance compared with the other groups with respect to accuracy. However, no significant difference was revealed among the feedback types with respect to fluency. The results of the content analysis also indicated that the learners mostly preferred to receive emergent feedback and participate in the process of error correction. The findings of this study can raise researchers', teachers', and teacher trainers' awareness of the function of various CF types. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Accuracy؛ fluency؛ emergent feedback؛ explicit feedback؛ implicit feedback؛ attitude | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| تاثیرات بازخورد شفاهی ضمنی، صریح و پیدایشی بر صحت دستوری، سلاست کلامی و نگرش زبان آموزان ایرانی | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| مریم زارعی1؛ توران آهور2؛ زهره سیفوری3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری آموزش زبان انگلیسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تبریز | ||
| 2استادیار گروه زبان انگلیسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تبریز | ||
| 3دانشیار گروه زبان انگلیسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تبریز | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| در این تحقیق تلاش بر آن است که دریابیم آیا استراتژی های متفاوت بازخورد تصحیحی شامل بازخورد ضمنی، صریح و پیدایشی میتوانند صحت دستوری و سلاست کلامی زبان آموزان ایرانی را به طور متفاوتی تحت تاثیر قرار دهند. علاوه بر این، نگرش زبانآموزان را نسبت به اینکه آنها چطور احساسی در مورد انواع بازخورد تصحیحی در کلاس دارند بررسی نمود. جهت تحقق این اهداف، محققان 54 زبان آموز همگن سطح پیش متوسط را بر اساس نتایج آزمونPET انتخاب کردند و آنها را به طور تصادفی در 3 گروه آزمایشی قرار دادند: گروه ضمنی، گروه صریح و گروه پیدایشی. در حالی که گروه های ضمنی و صریح به ترتیب فقط بازخورد ضمنی و تصحیح صریح برای خطاهای تولید شفاهیشان دریافت کردند، گروه پیدایشی بازخورد تصحیحی را از نوع ضمنی به طرف نوع صریح دریافت کرد. فعالیت های داستان شفاهی و توصیف تصویر و مصاحبه های نیمه ساختار یافته جهت جمع آوری داده های کمی و کیفی مطالعه بکار برده شدند. نتایج آمار استنباطی تفاوت های معناداری را در میان انواع بازخوردها از لحاظ صحت دستوری در زمان گذشته و آینده نشان داد. علاوه بر این، گروه پیدایشی عملکرد بهتری را در مقایسه با دیگر گروه ها از لحاظ صحت دستوری داشت. اما از لحاظ سلاست کلامی، تفاوت معناداری میان انواع بازخوردها مشاهده نشد. نتایج تحلیل محتوا همچنین نشان داد که زبان آموزان اکثرا ترجیح می دادند که بازخورد پیدایشی دریافت کنند و در فرایند تصحیح خطا مشارکت داشته باشند. یافته های این تحقیق میتواند آگاهی محققان، معلمان و مربیان آموزشی را در رابطه با عملکرد انواع بازخورد تصحیحی افزایش دهد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| صحت دستوری, سلاست کلامی, بازخورد پیدایشی, بازخورد صریح, بازخورد ضمنی, نگرش | ||
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