پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 25 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 954 |
| تعداد مقالات | 7,830 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 13,144,867 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 9,314,920 |
روابط ساختاری عاملهای شخصیت با شخصیت ضد اجتماعی به واسطه نقش شادنفرود | ||
| مطالعات اجتماعی روان شناختی زنان | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 20، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 72، مهر 1401، صفحه 190-221 اصل مقاله (1.04 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/jwsps.2022.38259.2532 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| نرگس یگانه* | ||
| کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی بالینی. گروه روانشناسی. دانشگاه تبریز. تبریز. ایران. (نویسنده مسئول) Nargesi.ygn@gmail.com | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی مدلیابی معادلات ساختاری عاملهای شخصیت با نشانه‌های اختلال شخصیت ضد اجتماعی با میانجی‌گری شادنفرود در دانشجویان دختر است. روش پژوهش حاضر عاملهای شخصیت به عنوان متغیر برون زا، نشانه های اختلال شخصیت ضد اجتماعی به عنوان متغیر درون زا و شادنفرود به عنوان متغیر میانجی در نظر گرفته شد. نمونه شامل 285 نفر از دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه تبریز بودند که با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. هر یک از نمونه ها به پرسشنامه های میلونIII،NEO-FFI و سناریوهای فرضی شادنفرود که در اختیارشان قرار گرفت پاسخ دادند. داده ها با نرم افزارهای SPSS نسخه 24 و Amos تحلیل شدند. ارزیابی مدل فرضی پژوهش با استفاده از شاخص‌های برازندگی نشان داد که مدل اندازه گیری شده برازش دارد. نتایج نشان داد که دلپذیری از میان عاملهای بزرگ شخصیت با واسطه گری شادنفرود بر روی نشانه های اختلال شخصیت ضد اجتماعی زنان اثر معنی داری دارد. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش در کنار حمایت از مدل فرضی برای نشانه های اختلال شخصیت ضد اجتماعی، چهارچوب مناسبی برای سبب شناسی این اختلال شخصیت ارائه می‌دهد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شادنفرود؛ شخصیت ضد اجتماعی؛ پنج عامل بزرگ شخصیت؛ هیجان؛ همدلی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Structural Relationships of Personality Factors with Antisocial Personality Disorder Due to the Role of Schadenfreude | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Narges Yeganeh | ||
| MSc in Clinical Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. Nargesi.ygn@gmail.com. (Corresponding Author) | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This study aimed to investigate the modelling of structural equations of personality factors with symptoms of antisocial personality disorder mediated by Schadenfreude in women. Personality factors were considered as an exogenous variable, symptoms of antisocial personality disorder were considered as an endogenous variable, and Schadenfreude as a mediating variable. 285 female students of Tabriz University were selected using random sampling and answered Millon III, NEO-FFI questionnaires, and hypothetical scenarios of Schadenfreude that were provided to them. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 and Amos. Evaluation of the hypothetical research model using fit indexes showed that the measured model fits. The results showed that Agreeableness with mediating of Schadenfreude with a Standardized Beta Coefficient of -0.048 had a significant effect (P<0.05) on women's antisocial personality disorder symptoms. Besides, Neuroticism had a direct and positive correlation (r= 0.316, P<0.01) with Schadenfreude and conscientiousness (-0.311, P<0.01), Agreeableness (-0.366, P<0.01), Extroversion (-0.209, P<0.01) and openness (-0.237, P<0.01) had direct and reverse correlation with Schadenfreude. Also, all of the NEO Five-Factor expect openness had a direct and reveres correlation with antisocial personality disorder symptoms. The results showed that agreeableness of five major personality factors mediated by schadenfreude has a significant effect on the symptoms of antisocial personality disorder. The findings of this study, along with supporting the hypothetical model for the symptoms of antisocial personality disorder in women, provide a suitable framework for the aetiology of this personality disorder. Schadenfreude, Antisocial personality, Big Five Factors, Emotions, Empathy. Introduction Various personality factors can be related to the onset of psychological symptoms directly or indirectly. One of these symptoms is Schadenfreude. Indeed, it is the experience of pleasure from the suffering of others. Also, it can be experienced like other emotions by the majority of people. However, Schadenfreude can appear in persons with special personality features and the presence of special triggers. Besides, it can be probable representative of some of the personality disorder's symptoms. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to investigate of structural relationships between Big Five personality factors with symptoms of antisocial personality disorder with mediating the role of Schadenfreude in female students, in which, predisposed personality features (vulnerability factor) with the meditation of external and possible motivating factors (stress factor), lead to the onset of antisocial personality disorder symptoms. Schadenfreude has a connection with the psycho-social areas of humans. However, have implemented few studies about psychological features which are related to Schadenfreude. Study about the relationship between individual differences and Schadenfreude looking for an answer to the question are persons with special features more prone to experience Schadenfreude? With the examination of shreds of evidence, it seems that some studies about the direct relationship between most variables had been implemented. However, not developed a comprehensive model for responding to this question; which one of these factors and from what ways can explain the onset of antisocial personality disorder? Therefore, an issue that needs to be addressed is investigation of the indirect and mediating relationship between Big Five personality traits and cluster B personality disorders especially antisocial personality disorder with mediating of Schadenfreude. It is assumed that personality traits with the characteristic of social interactions and social exchanges are more related to the experience of Schadenfreude emotion. Because Schadenfreude is an emotion that finds meaning in the context of social communication. Methodology The method of the present study, according to the subject, objectives and hypotheses, was of the correlation type by modelling structural equations by examining the relationship between the NEO Five-Factor and symptoms of antisocial personality disorder, according to the mediating role of Schadenfreude. And in terms of purpose, it was fundamental. The statistical population of the present study was 12000 women's students of the University of Tabriz in the academic year 2020-2021. Based on Krejcie & Morgan's (1970) table and by using the Convenience sampling method 285 subjects were selected. In the present study for collecting data, the following tools were used; NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III), and Scenarios of Schadenfreude Inventory. Data were analyzed using Amos and SPSS Ver.24. Findings Evaluation of the hypothetical research model using fit indexes showed that the measured model fits. The results showed that Agreeableness with mediating of Schadenfreude with a Standardized Beta Coefficient of -0.048 had a significant effect (P<0.05) on women's antisocial personality disorder symptoms. In fact, with the increase in Agreeableness, the rate of Schadenfreude and consequently symptoms of antisocial personality disorder decrease. Besides, Neuroticism had a direct and positive correlation (r= 0.316, P<0.01) with Schadenfreude and conscientiousness (-0.311, P<0.01), Agreeableness (-0.366, P<0.01), Extroversion (-0.209, P<0.01) and openness (-0.237, P<0.01) had direct and reverse correlation with Schadenfreude. Also, all of the NEO Five-Factor except openness had a direct and reverse correlation with antisocial personality disorder symptoms. Result The results of this study, along with supporting the hypothetical model for the symptoms of antisocial personality disorder, provide a suitable framework for the aetiology of this personality disorder. Women seem to experience Schadenfreude emotion depending on their preferences and the importance of the subject and the circumstances. Although higher levels of empathy and a desire for collectivism can be expected of them, this empathy is not a factor in forgetting their individuality. It is important to understand the cognitive structure and personality of women that women can also be competitive, progressive and malicious. Competitiveness, progressiveness and wealth-lovingness are still considered masculine in today's modern world. But if there is a platform for more women to be present in potentially masculine positions, they may be more inclined to express their reality and the burden of titles and attributes that societies attach to them be released (Even positively but imposingly like empathy). Schadenfreude is also an emotion that is experienced only concerning others. By definition, the experience of emotion is pleasure over the malice of others. Others are an integral part of this emotion, while in many emotions there is no need for social and interpersonal interaction. In fact, an antisocial personality disorder can be considered the most social personality style that DSM-5 officially introduces. The DSM-5 begins by describing the disorder as follows: The main manifestation of antisocial personality disorder is a pervasive pattern of disregard, and violation of the rights of others. The definition of Agreeableness also mentioned: kindness, empathy, trust and warmth in the face of hostility, selfishness and distrust; All of these characteristics implicitly confirm the presence of others. Therefore, the common denominator of all three variables is the "others" keyword. And this word, in its heart, expresses culture and society. The obtained relationship between the present variables can be considered in the social dimension of the aetiology of antisocial personality disorder. In summary, the findings of the present study showed that several Big five personality factors can be a good predictor of the likelihood of antisocial traits in women through Schadenfreude mediation. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Schadenfreude, Antisocial personality, Big Five Factors, Emotions, Empathy | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
یگانه، نرگس.، بخشی‌پور رودسری، عباس.، محمود علیلو، مجید. (1400). ارزیابی ساختار درونی مقیاس شدت شادنفرود: یک مطالعهی تحلیل عاملی. روانشناسی بالینی، 13(3)، 58-49. Abell, L. & Brewer, G. (2017). Machiavellianism and schadenfreude in women’s friendships. Psychological Reports, 121(5), 909-919. Anderson, J. C. & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411. Barlow, D. & Durand, V. (2014). Abnormal psychology: An integrative approach. Stanford: Nelson Education. Buckels, E. E. (2012). The pleasures of hurting others: Behavioral evidence for everyday sadism. University of British Columbia Cikara, M., Botvinick, M. M. & Fiske, S. T. (2011). Us versus them: Social identity shapes neural responses to intergroup competition and harm. Psychological Science, 22(3), 306-313 Claxton-Oldfield, S. & Banzen, Y. (2010). Personality characteristics of hospice palliative care volunteers: the ‘‘big five’’and empathy. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®, 27(6), 407-412. Combs, D. J., Powell, C. A., Schurtz, D. R. & Smith, R. H. (2009). Politics, schadenfreude, and ingroup identification: The sometimes happy thing about a poor economy and death. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(4), 635-646. Costa, J. P. T., Terracciano, A. & McCrae, R. R. (2001). Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: robust and surprising findings. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 81(2), 322. Costa, P., Alves, R., Neto, I., Marvao, P., Portela, M. & Costa, M. J. (2014). Associations between medical student empathy and personality: a multi-institutional study. PloS One, 9(3), e89254. Crysel, L. C. & Webster, G. D. (2018). Schadenfreude and the spread of political misfortune. PloS One, 13(9), e0201754 Eisenbarth, H., Lilienfeld, S. O. & Yarkoni, T. (2015). Using a genetic algorithm to abbreviate the psychopathic personality inventory–revised (PPI-R). Psychological Assessment, 27(1), 194–202. Fathi Ashtiani. A. (2005). psychological assessment. Tehran: Be’sat. (Persian) Feather, N. T. (2008). Effects of observer's own status on reactions to a high achiever's failure: Deservingness, resentment, schadenfreude, and sympathy. Australian Journal of Psychology, 60(1), 31-43. Feather, N. T. & Nairn, K. (2005). Resentment, envy, schadenfreude, and sympathy: Effects of own and other's deserved or undeserved status. Australian Journal of Psychology, 57(2), 87-102. Feist, J., Feist, G. J. & Ann Roberts, T. (2013). Theories of personality. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill Higher Education. First, M. B., Regier, D. A. & Kupfer, D. J. (2002). A research agenda for DSM-V. American Psychiatric Association, 123–199. Greenier, K. D. (2018). The relationship between personality and schadenfreude in hypothetical versus live situations. Psychological Reports, 121(3), 445-458. Guilera, T., Batalla, I., Forné, C. & Soler-González, J. J. B. M. E. (2019). Empathy and big five personality model in medical students and its relationship to gender and specialty preference: a cross-sectional study. 19(1), 57. Hare, R. D., Neumann, C. S. & Widiger, T. A. (2012). Psychopathy (T. A. Widiger Ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Hareli, S. & Weiner, B. (2002). Dislike and envy as antecedents of pleasure at another's misfortune. Motivation and Emotion, 26(4), 257-277. James, S., Kavanagh, P. S., Jonason, P. K., Chonody, J. M. & Scrutton, H. E. (2014). The dark triad, schadenfreude, and sensational interests: Dark personalities, dark emotions, and dark behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 68, 211-216. Johnson, E. N., Kuhn J. J. R., Apostolou, B. A. & Hassell, J. M. (2013). Auditor perceptions of client narcissism as a fraud attitude risk factor. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 32(1), 203-219. Krizan, Z. & Johar, O. (2012). Envy divides the two faces of narcissism. Journal of Personality, 80(5), 1415-1451. Lane, R. (2016). Schadenfreude, the Dark Triad, and the effect of music on emotion. Leach, C. W., Spears, R., Branscombe, N. R. & Doosje, B. (2003). Malicious pleasure: Schadenfreude at the suffering of another group. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(5), 932. Leach, C. W. & Spears, R. (2008). A vengefulness of the impotent: The pain of in-group inferiority and schadenfreude toward successful out-groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(6), 1383. Leach, C. W. & Spears, R. (2009). Dejection at in-group defeat and schadenfreude toward second-and third-party out-groups. Emotion, 9(5), 659 Lynam, D. R. & Vachon, D. D. (2012). Antisocial personality disorder in DSM-5: Missteps and missed opportunities. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 3(4), 483. Magalhães, E., Costa, P. & Costa, M. J. (2012). Empathy of medical students and personality: evidence from the Five-Factor Model. Medical Teacher, 34(10), 807-812. McCrae, R. & Costa, P. (2008). The five-factor theory of personality (O. P. John, RW Robins, & L. Pervin Eds. 3rd ed.). New York: NY: Guilford. Melchers, M. C., Li, M., Haas, B. W., Reuter, M., Bischoff, L. & Montag, C. (2016). Similar personality patterns are associated with empathy in four different countries. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 290. Millon, T. (1997). Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III [Manual Second Edition]. In: Bloomington, MN: Pearson Assessments. Millon, T., Millon, C. M., Meagher, S. E., Grossman, S. D. & Ramnath, R. (2012). Personality disorders in modern life: John Wiley & Sons. Mooradian, T. A., Davis, M. & Matzler, K. (2011). Dispositional empathy and the hierarchical structure of personality. The American Journal of Psychology, 124(1), 99-109. Nagel, E. (2010). The significance of gender, context, and contingent self-esteem on feelings of schadenfreude (Doctoral dissertation, Vanderbilt University). Ouwerkerk, J. W. & Van Dijk, W. W. (2014). 12 Intergroup rivalry and schadenfreude. Schadenfreude: Understanding Peasure at the Misfortune of Others, 186. Paulhus, D. L. & Williams, K. M. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556-563. Porter, S., Bhanwer, A., Woodworth, M. & Black, P. J. (2014). Soldiers of misfortune: An examination of the Dark Triad and the experience of schadenfreude. Personality and Individual Differences, 67, 64-68. Roberts, B. W. & Mroczek, D. (2008). Personality trait change in adulthood. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(1), 31-35. Sadock, B. J. (2015). Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. Saffari Nia, M., Dehestani, M. & Fetri, A. (2018). The mediating effect of empathy, rumination, and anger on the relationship between narcissism and lack of interpersonal forgiveness. Social Cognition, 6(2), 143-154. Sawada, M. & Hayama, D. (2012). Dispositional vengeance and anger on schadenfreude. Psychological Reports, 111(1), 322-334. Schindler, R., Körner, A., Bauer, S., Hadji, S. & Rudolph, U. (2015). Causes and consequences of schadenfreude and sympathy: A developmental analysis. PloS One, 10(10), e0137669. Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Ahronberg-Kirschenbaum, D. & Bauminger-Zviely, N. (2014). There is no joy like malicious joy: Schadenfreude in young children. PloS One, 9(7), e100233 Smith, R. H., Powell, C. A., Combs, D. J. & Schurtz, D. R. (2009). Exploring the when and why of schadenfreude. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 3(4), 530-546. Song, Y. & Shi, M. (2017). Associations between empathy and big five personality traits among Chinese undergraduate medical students. PloS One, 12(2), e0171665. Steinbeis, N. & Singer, T. (2013). The effects of social comparison on social emotions and behavior during childhood: The ontogeny of envy and Schadenfreude predicts developmental changes in equity-related decisions. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 115(1), 198-209. Tran, U. S., Laireiter, A. R., Neuner, C., Schmitt, D. P., Leibetseder, M., Szente-Voracek, S. L. & Voracek, M. (2013). Factorial structure and convergent and discriminant validity of the E (Empathy) Scale. Psychological Reports, 113(2), 441-463. Van Dijk, W. W. & Ouwerkerk, J. W. (2014). Introduction to schadenfreude. Van Dijk, W. W., Ouwerkerk, J. W. & Goslinga, S. (2009). The impact of deservingness on schadenfreude and sympathy: Further evidence. The Journal of Social Psychology, 149(3), 390-392. Van Dijk, W. W., Ouwerkerk, J. W., Goslinga, S. & Nieweg, M. (2005). Deservingness and Schadenfreude. Cognition and Emotion. Van Dijk, W. W., Van Koningsbruggen, G. M., Ouwerkerk, J. W. & Wesseling, Y. M. (2011). Self-esteem, self-affirmation, and schadenfreude. Emotion, 11(6), 1445. Wan, Q., Jiang, L., Zeng, Y. & Wu, X. (2019). A big-five personality model-based study of empathy behaviors in clinical nurses. Nurse Education in Practice, 38, 66-71. Wang, S., Lilienfeld, S. O. & Rochat, P. (2019). Schadenfreude deconstructed and reconstructed: A tripartite motivational model. New Ideas in Psychology, 52, 1-11 Widiger, T. A. (2012). Big Five Model and personality disorders. Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (Second Edition), 330-337 Yeganeh, N., Bakhshipour, A. & Alilou, M. (2021). Evaluation of the internal structure of the Schadenfreude severity scale: A Factor analytic study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 13(3), 49-58. (In Persian) | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 418 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 349 |
||