پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 24 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 835 |
| تعداد مقالات | 6,878 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 10,831,863 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 7,742,278 |
مطالعه کیفی ریشه‌ها و پیامدهای احساس امنیت دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه ازاد کرمان | ||
| مطالعات اجتماعی روان شناختی زنان | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 19، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 68، مهر 1400، صفحه 147-184 اصل مقاله (495.95 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22051/jwsps.2021.36574.2456 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علیرضا صنعت خواه* 1؛ محمد جلال کمالی2؛ نوید فاتحی راد3 | ||
| 1(نویسنده مسئول) استادیار و عضو گروه جامعه شناسی،واحد کرمان،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،کرمان،ایران asanatkhah@yahoo.com | ||
| 2استادیار و عضو گروه مدیریت ،واحد کرمان،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،کرمان،ایران jalalkamali@yahoo.com | ||
| 3استادیار و عضو گروه مدیریت ،واحد کرمان،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،کرمان،ایران fathirad@yahoo.com | ||
| چکیده | ||
| امروزه با ورود زنان به عرصه‌های مختلف اجتماعی،اقتصادی و حتی سیاسی، احساس امنیت آنان اهمیت ویژه‌ای برای دولت‌ها یافته است. هدف از این پژوهش درک معنایی و تفسیر زنان (دانشجو) از ریشه‌ها و پیامدهای احساس امنیت در شهر کرمان است. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و به لحاظ روش،کیفی و براساس رویکرد داده بنیاد است. مشارکت کنندگان تحقیق را 30 نفر از دانشجویان زن دانشگاه آزاد کرمان تشکیل می‌دهند که با توجه به اشباع نظری و با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شده‌اند. از مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته به عنوان ابزار گرد‌آوری داده‌ها استفاده شده است. برای رسیدن به معیار قابلیت اعتماد از سه روش: کنترل یا اعتبار یابی توسط اعضا،مقایسه‌های تحلیلی و استفاده از تکنیک ممیزی بهره گرفته شده است. طبق یافته‌های حاصله، ناامنی اقتصادی،خرده فرهنگ توهین و اوباشی‌گری،پندارهای تبعیض‌آمیز جنسیتی و نهادینه شدن فرهنگ بدحجابی به عنوان عوامل علی،تضادهای بین نسلی ، ناامنی محیطی-فضایی ، عملکرد پلیس به عنوان عوامل زمینه‌ای، آرامش در خانواده،امنیت قضایی و قانونی به عنوان عوامل مداخله‌گر و تغییر نگرش تبعیض‌آمیز قضایی،حمایت قضایی از زنان، فرهنگ‌سازی الگوهای پوششی، به‌عنوان راهبردها و از هم‌گسیختگی و سرخوردگی اجتماعی-روانی به‌عنوان پیامدها مشخص شده‌اند.یافته‌ها نشان داد که احساس امنیت زنان تحت تاثیر عوامل مختلف اجتماعی شکل می‌گیرد، اما این عوامل در تعامل با برداشت‌های تبعیض‌آمیز فرهنگی و عملکرد نهادها و سازمان‌های حافظ امنیت زنان شکل می‌گیرند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| احساس امنیت زنان؛ حمایت قضایی-امنیتی زنان؛ عملکرد پلیس؛ شهر کرمان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A qualitative study of the roots and consequences of women's sense of security in the city of Kerman | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Alireza Sanatkhah1؛ Mohammad Jalal kamali2؛ Navid Fatehi-rad3 | ||
| 1(Corresponding Author)Assistant professor, Department of sociology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran, asanatkhah@yahoo.com | ||
| 2Assistant professor, Department of Management, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran. jalalkamali@yahoo.com | ||
| 3Assistant professor, Department of Management, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran .fathirad@yahoo.com | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and Aim: Today, with the entry of women into various social, economic and even political spheres, their sense of security has become especially important for governments. The purpose of this study is to understand the meaning and interpretation of women (students) of the roots and consequences of the feeling of security in the city of Kerman.Method: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, qualitative and based on the foundation data approach. The participants of the study are 30 female students of Kerman Azad University who have been selected according to theoretical saturation and using the purposive sampling method. Semi-structured interviews have been used as data collection tools. To achieve the reliability criterion, three methods have been used: control or validation by members, analytical comparisons and the use of audit techniques. Findings: According to the findings, economic insecurity, the subculture of insult and vulgarity, gender-discriminatory notions, institutionalization of profanity culture as causal factors, intergenerational conflicts, environmental-spatial insecurity, police performance as underlying factors, peace in the family, judicial and legal security as interfering factors and changing discriminatory judicial attitudes toward women, culture-building of clothing patterns as strategies, and socio-psychological disintegration and frustration have been identified as consequences. Conclusion: Women's sense of security is formed under the influence of various social factors, but these factors are formed in interaction with culturally discriminatory perceptions and the performance of institutions and organizations that protect women's security. Extended abstract Background and aim: Today, on the one hand, women have entered the modern world, have a special place in social relations and relationships, and by entering various social, economic and even political areas, their sense of security has become particularly important for governments. The present study aims to understand the meaning and interpretation of women's sense of security in the city of Kerman to provide a model and produce theoretical knowledge for education and research for policymakers and also provide a scientific basis for future security studies. Method: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method; it is qualitative and based on the data approach of the foundation. The statistical population includes all female students of Kerman Azad University in 1400. The participants of the study are 30 female students who have been selected according to theoretical saturation and using the purposive sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used as data collection tools. The interview time was between 60 and 100 minutes and the satisfaction of the participants regarding the answers to the questions and the interview was the main condition for conducting the interview. Finally, they were analyzed using fixed comparisons and theoretical coding (open, axial, and selective coding). To achieve the reliability criterion, three methods: control or validation by members, analytical comparisons and the use of audit techniques were used. The data are analyzed according to the procedure based on grounded theory in three stages of open coding, selective and selective (pivotal). According to the findings of the research participants, the feeling of economic insecurity with subcategories (inefficient economic management, unsafe job environments and welfare restrictions for women), subculture of insult and bullying with subcategories (an offensive subculture of insulting and the experience of aggression and insult), gender-discriminatory notions with subcategories (sex discrimination, discriminatory gender laws and insecurity due to gender discrimination), police security accountability with subcategories (police as women's security guard, women's civil rights, inadequate security structure of old neighbourhoods) have been identified as the most important causal factors. Categories of intergenerational conflicts with subcategories (intergenerational conflict of officials with women and intergenerational conflict of parents with women), management of women's urban space with subcategories (urban space, environmental-urban insecurity, insecurity in using transportation) and police performance, which is characterized by sub-categories (trust in police and missions) are identified as the underlying conditions in the investigation. Of course, intervening conditions that include peace in the family context with sub-categories (peace, family values) and a sense of security in urban spaces with sub-categories (safe traffic, safe recreation and safe urban space) along with a sense of judicial and legal security with the following categories (women's citizenship rights, legal protection, security in women's participation) are identified and are very important. Based on the participants' interpretation of the research strategies with the main categories of changing the discriminatory judicial attitude with sub-categories (police judicial support for women, follow-up and protection, security and judicial shortcomings) and paving the way for women's participation with sub-categories (covering patterns and participatory bedding) are identified. Consequences of feeling insecure for women by the main categories of socio-psychological disintegration (with sub-categories: family disintegration, personal disintegration and instrumental view of women) and socio-psychological frustration (with sub-categories of aggression and corruption against women and feelings of emptiness and frustration) have been identified in this research. In the present research, based on the research process and the obtained data, as well as exploratory categories in the stage called selective coding, "judicial-security support for women" as a core category that can analyze the process of understanding and interpreting women in Kerman regarding the feeling of social security is considered. Based on this category, the participants' interpretation of the study is that unfortunately in the economic field, women are faced with "inefficient economic management" by the authorities, which has brought them a "feeling of economic insecurity". Difficulties in finding a decent job combined with a gender perspective on employment for women have led to "unsafe job environments" that have forced them to accept "jobs including shopkeepers in shops and secretarial in commercial and non-commercial establishments".And unfortunately, many security issues have arisen in these environments that require extensive security-judicial support for women. On the other hand, the "subculture of insult and vulgarity" that exists for women in some urban environments and spaces of Kerman is tied to "gender discriminatory notions" and in the opinion of the participants, some "gender discriminatory laws" have encouraged it. Although many of them consider the existing laws in the society as discriminatory laws, in the Iranian constitution, many values are considered for women. Those women have rights such as dowry as well as retribution, this law does not apply to women even in developed countries that claim equal rights for women. Women in our country can receive a salary from men in the form of financial and economic wages for the number of years they have lived in their husband's house or the number of years they have breastfed their children, and this is carefully implemented in our society. Women's sense of security is formed under the influence of various social, cultural, economic and security factors, but these factors are formed in interaction with discriminatory cultural perceptions and the performance of institutions and organizations that protect women's security. The government can take appropriate measures to increase women's sense of security by enacting laws to protect women's rights, especially in the face of street harassment and law enforcement forces, through initiatives such as gathering thugs. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Women's sense of security, Women's judicial-security support, Police performance, Kerman city | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
استراوس، انسلم و کربین، جولیت.(1391). مبانی پژوهش کیفی، فنون و مراحل تولید نظریه زمینه‌ای . ترجمه ابراهیم افشار. تهران: نشر نی. اعزازی، شهلا.(1383). ساختار جامعه و خشونت علیه زنان. رفاه اجتماعی،۴ (۱۴) ،۵۹-96. امان پور، سعید و پیری، فاطمه. (1398). بررسی هویت اجتماعی و احساس امنیت اجتماعی زنان در بوستان‌های شهر اهواز. فصلنامه انتظام اجتماعی،11(3)،163-188 امیرکافی،مهدی.(1387) بررسی احساس امنیت و عوامل مؤثر بر آن (مورد مطالعه: شهر تهران). جامعه شناسی مسائل اجتماعی ایران (تحقیقات علوم اجتماعی ایران)،1(1)،1-26. بخشنده زحمتی، سمیه؛ بهیان، شاپور و حقیقتیان، منصور. (1399). مقایسه احساس امنیت اجتماعی زنان در شهر تهران. پژوهشنامه نظم و امنیت انتظامی، 13(1)،115-140. بوزان ، بری. (1387). مردم ، دولت‌ها و هراس، ترجمه پژوهشکده مطالعات‌راهبردی،تهران: پژوهشکده مطالعات‌راهبردی. حاتمی، علی؛ احمدی، بختیار و اسمعیلی، عطا. (1394). بررسی عوامل مرتبط با میزان احساس امنیت اجتماعی شهروندان مورد مطالعه زنان شهر کرمانشاه. پژوهشهای راهبردی مسائل اجتماعی ایران (پژوهشهای راهبردی امنیت و نظم اجتماعی)، 4(3)،103- 121. حامدی، راضیه و نعیمی،محمدرضا. (1389). زنان و اجتماع ایمن. پلیس زن، 4(12)، 149-169. حیدری،محمد؛ قاسمی،وحید؛رنانی،محسن و ایمان،محمد تقی.(1398). ارائه الگوی پارادایمی فرهنگ مالیاتی نزد مؤدیان مالیاتی شهر اصفهان( پژوهشی کیفی در حوزه جامعه‌شناسی اقتصادی).دوفصلنامه پژوهشهای جامعه شناسی معاصر،(15)،1-35. خوشنویسان،مسعود.(1397).نقش بازارچه‌های مرزی در ارتقای امنیت عمومی شهرستان مریوان. فصلنامه دانش انتظامی کردستان، 9(35)،1-38. رادفر، محمدرضا و حبیب زاده، اصحاب. (1397). عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر احساس امنیت اجتماعی. انتظام اجتماعی، 10(2 )، 53-84. رحیمی، لیلا و صبوری، صابر. (1397). امنیت زنان در فضاهای عمومی شهری و بررسی عوامل فیزیکی مؤثر بر آن (نمونه موردی: پارک ائل گلی تبریز). مطالعات اجتماعی روان شناختی زنان، 15(4)، 39-77. doi: 10.22051/jwsps.2018.17016.1555 زمانی دارانی، فاطمه و مقصودی، سوده. (1398). رابطه حضور زنان در فضای شهری با معیارهای مطلوبیت شهری با استفاده از معادلات ساختاری . مطالعات اجتماعی روان شناختی زنان،17(4)،71-108. doi: 10.22051/jwsps.2020.30878.2193 شایگان، فریبا. (1392). دینداری و احساس امنیت (مطالعه موردی دانش‌آموزان دختر شهر تهران). برنامه ریزی رفاه و توسعه اجتماعی، 5(15)، 169-199. doi: 10.22054/qjsd.2013.833 شکربیگی، عالیه و رادین، پرنگ. (1395). بررسی عوامل مرتبط با احساس ناامنی اجتماعی زنان در فضاهای شهری (با تاکید بر ویژگی‌های کالبدی شهری). مطالعات اجتماعی روان شناختی زنان،14(2)،87-126. doi: 10.22051/jwsps.2016.2489 صالحی،اسماعیل.(1387). ویژگی‌های محیطی فضاهای شهری امن. تهران:مرکز مطالعات و تحقیقات شهرسازی و معماری. صنعت خواه، علیرضا. (1397). بررسی عوامل اجتماعی –فرهنگی موثر بر احساس امنیت زنان در شهر کرمان. مطالعات اجتماعی روان شناختی زنان، 16(3)، 37-64. doi: 10.22051/jwsps.2019.18587.1627 قائمی فر، حسین و حمایت خواه جهرمی، مجتبی. (1388). بررسی تاثیر خانواده بر شکل‌گیری هویت جنسیتی دختران دانشجوی دانشگاه پیام نور جهرم. پژوهش جوانان، فرهنگ و جامعه،3،83-102. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=103237 گودرزی، سعید و اله دادی، نورالدین. (1399). عوامل مرتبط با احساس امنیت با تأکید بر احساس نابرابری. پژوهشنامه نظم و امنیت انتظامی،13(50)،1-24. http://www.osra.jrl.police.ir/article_94011.html?lang=fa ماندل،رابرت.(1387). چهره متغیر امنیت ملی، ترجمه: پژوهشکده مطالعات‌راهبردی.تهران: پژوهشکده مطالعات‌راهبردی. مجیدی خامنه، بتول؛ آقایی، پرویز؛ ضرغامی، سعید و رئیسی، حسین. (1399). تحلیل مؤلفه‌های تاثیرگذار بر احساس امنیت اجتماعی زنان در فضاهای عمومی سبز موردپژوهی: پارک نیاوران، منطقه یک شهرداری تهران. آمایش محیط، 13(50 )، 1-20. محمدی بیرنگ،مهدیه و آذر،علی.(1398). تحلیل احساس امنیت زنان در فضاهای عمومی با تأکید بر پارک‌های شهری، مطالعه موردی: تبریز، دوفصلنامه علمی ـ پژوهشی پژوهشهای بوم شناسی شهری،10(20)، 27-40. میرمحمدتبار، سید احمد؛ مجدی، علی اکبر و بنیاد، لیلی. (1395). بررسی عوامل موثر بر احساس امنیت اجتماعی زنان (فراتحلیلی از تحقیقات موجود). مطالعات اجتماعی روان شناختی زنان، 14(4)،123- 156. doi: 10.22051/jwsps.2017.9206.1161 نبوی،عبدالحسین؛ حسین زاده،علی حسین و حسینی،سیده هاجر.(1389).بررسی عوامل اجتماعی و اقتصادی موثر بر احساس امنیت اجتماعی. جامعه‌شناسی کاربردی، 21(4)73-96. نوروزی،فیض الله و فولادی سپهر،سارا.(1388). بررسی احساس امنیت اجتماعی زنان 29-15 ساله شهر تهران و عوامل اجتماعی موثر بر آن. فصلنامه راهبرد،18(53)، 129- 159. نویدنیا ، منیژه. (1382) ، گفتمان امنیت اجتماعی . چکیده مقالات کنفرانس تامین اجتماعی ، تهران: معاون اجتماعی ناجا هزارجریبی، جعفر؛ کشوری چرمی، مصطفی؛ فاروقی، الهام و متقدم، عقیل.(1393). بررسی میزان احساس امنیت اجتماعی و عوامل موثر بر آن (مطالعه موردی شهر تهران). برنامه ریزی رفاه و توسعه اجتماعی،6(20)،1-42. doi: 10.22054/qjsd.2014.714 یاری، حامد و هزار جریبی، جعفر. (1391). بررسی رابطه احساس امنیت و اعتماد اجتماعی در میان شهروندان(مطالعه موردی ساکنان شهر کرمانشاه). پژوهشهای راهبردی مسائل اجتماعی ایران،1(4)،39-58. https://ssoss.ui.ac.ir/article_17077.html Amanpour, S.& Piri, F. (2019). Investigation of Social Identity and Sense of Social Security of Women in the Parks of Ahwaz City. Journal of Social Order, 11(3), 163-188. [Text in Persian] Amirkafi, M. (2008). A Study of Security Feeling and the Factors Affecting It (Case Study: Tehran), Sociology of Social Issues in Iran (Iranian Social Sciences Research), 1 (1), 1-26. [Text in Persian] Azazi, S. (2005). Society Structure and Violence Against Women. Refahj, 4 (14):59-96. [Text in Persian] Bakhshandeh Zahmati, S., Bahyan, Sh. & And Haghighatian, M. (2020). The analysis of women’ s sense of Security in the North and South parts of Tehran, quarterly of order and security guards,13(1)49,115-140. [Text in Persian] Buzan, B. (1999). People, States and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era (ECPR Classics Series), Translation: Research Institute for Strategic Studies, Tehran: Research Institute for Strategic Studies. [Text in Persian] Cho, J. T., & Park, J. (2017). Exploring the effects of CCTV upon fear of crime: A multi-level approach in Seoul. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 49, 35–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2017.01.005 Clément, M., & Piaser, L. (2021). Do inequalities predict fear of crime? Empirical evidence from Mexico. World Development, 140, 105354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105354 Croft,s,Terrif,T,JAMES,l & Morgan,P. (2004). Security Studies Today, translated by Alireza Tayeb and Vahid Bozorgi, Tehran: Institute for Strategic Studies. [Text in Persian] Ghaemifar, H.& hemayat khah jahromi, M. (2009) a survey to the influence of family on the formation of gender identity among the girl students of the University of Payam-e noor jahrom branch, journal: youths, culture and society research, (3),83-102. [Text in Persian] Goudarzi, S.& alahdadi, N. (2020). Factors related to security feeling with an emphasis on the inequality feeling (Studied case: People aged 18 years and above Lorestan province). Quarterly of Order & Security Guards, 13(50), 1-24. [Text in Persian] Hamedi, R. & Naimi, M. (1389). Women and a safe community. Female Police, 4 (12), 149-169. [Text in Persian] Hatami, A., Ahmadi, B. & Ismaili, A. (1394). Investigating the factors related to the level of social security of the studied citizens of Kermanshah. Strategic Research on Social Issues in Iran (Strategic Research on Security and Social Order), 4 (3 (11 in a row)), 103-121. [Text in Persian] Helfgott, J. B., Parkin, W. S., Fisher, C., & Diaz, A. (2020). Misdemeanour arrests and community perceptions of fear of crime in Seattle. Journal of Criminal Justice, 69, 101695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2020.101695 Heydari, M., Ghasemi, V., Renani, M.& Iman, M. (2020). A Paradigmatic Model of Tax Culture among Taxpayers in the City of Isfahan (Qualitative Research in Economic Sociology). Two Quarterly Journal of Contemporary Sociological Research, 8(15), 1-35. [Text in Persian] hezarjarebi, J., keshvari charmi, M., faroghi, E.& Motghadm, A. (2014). Sense of Security and Its Related Factors. Social Development & Welfare Planning, 6(20), 1-42. [Text in Persian] Iman, M. (2012). Qualitative research methodology. Qom: Research Center and Universit. [Text in Persian] khoshnevisan, M. (2015). The role of border markets in promoting public safety in the city of Marivan, Kurdistan Law Enforcement Quarterly,9(35)1-38. [Text in Persian] Majidi Khameneh, B., and Aghaei, P., Zarghami, S.& Raisi, H. (2020). Analyzing the Influential Components on Women’ s Sense of Social Security in Public Green Spaces (A Case Study of Niavaran Park, District 1 of Tehran Municipality), Journal: environmental-based territorial planning (amayesh), 13 (50), 1-20. [Text in Persian] Mandel, R. (2000). The Changing Face of National Security: A Conceptual Analysis (Contributions in Military Studies), Translation: Research Institute for Strategic Studies, Tehran: Research Institute for Strategic Studies. [Text in Persian] Mir Mohammad Tabar, A. (2017). Study of factors affecting women's sense of social security (Meta-analysis of existing research). Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 14(4), 123-156. [Text in Persian] Mohammadi Birang, M.& Azae, A. (2019). Analyzing Women's Sense of Security in Public Spaces with Emphasis on Urban Parks, Case Study, Journal of Urban Ecology Researches, 10(20), 27-40. [Text in Persian] Nabavi, A., Hosseinzadeh, A.& Hosseini, S. (2011). Study of effecting of social and economical factors on societal security feeling. Journal of Applied Sociology, 21(4), 73-96. [Text in Persian] Navidnia, M. (2003), Discourse on Social Security, Abstract of Social Security Conference Papers, Tehran: NAJA Social Deputy. [Text in Persian] Nourouzi, f., & fouladi sepehr, s. (2010). the study of the feeling of social safety among 15-29 year women in Tehran and its determining factors. Rahbord, 18(53 (special issue for cultural and social studies)), 129-159. [Text in Persian] Radfer, M., & Habibzadeh, A. (1397). The Effective Social Factors on the Sense of Social Security, journal of social order (entezam-e-ejtemaei), 10 (2), 53-84. [Text in Persian] Rahimi, L.& Rahimi, L. (2018). The security of Women in the Urban Public Spaces and the effective physical factors (Case study: The Elgoli Park of Tabriz). Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 15(4), 39-77. [Text in Persian] Ryder, H., Maltby, J., Rai, L., Jones, P., & Flowe, H. D. (2016). Women’s fear of crime and preference for formidable mates: how specific are the underlying psychological mechanisms? Evolution and Human Behavior, 37(4), 293–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.01.005 Salehi, E. (2008). Environmental features of safe urban spaces, Tehran: Center for Urban Planning and Architecture Studies and Research. [Text in Persian] Sanatkhah, A. (2018). The study of socio-cultural factors affecting women's security in Kerman. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 16(3), 37-64. [Text in Persian] Schneier, B. (2003). beyond fear: thinking sensibly about security in an uncertain world Coernicus Books, United States. Sengkey, M& Tiwa, T. (2020). Women's Sense of Security at Work: Maternal Role and Fear of An Uncertain Future, Jurnal Psikologi 47(3):253. Shaygan, F. (2013). Religiosity and a sense of security (a case study of female students in Tehran). Welfare Planning and Social Development, 5 (15), 169-199. [Text in Persian] Shekarbeigi, A.& radin, P. (2016). the study of Sense of insecurity of women in urban public spaces and the facts of relationship with that.. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 14(2), 87-126. [Text in Persian] Snyder, J. K., Fessler, D. M., Tiokhin, L., Frederick, D. A., Lee, S. W., & Navarrete, C. D. (2011). Trade-offs in a dangerous world: women’s fear of crime predicts preferences for aggressive and formidable mates. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32(2), 127–137. Strauss, A & Carbin, J. (2014). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Technique Translated by Ibrahim Afshar. Tehran: Ney Publishing. [Text in Persian] Tandogan, O., & Ilhan, B. S. (2016). Fear of Crime in Public Spaces: From the View of Women Living in Cities. Procedia Engineering, 161, 2011–2018. Wolfers, A. (1952). "National security" as an ambiguous symbol. Political science quarterly, 67(4), 481-502. Yari, H.& Hezar Jaribi, J. (2012). A Study of the Relationship between Feeling of Security and Social Trust among Citizens of Kermanshah City. Strategic Research on Social Problems in Iran University of Isfahan, 1(4), 39-58. [Text in Persian] Zamani Darani, F.& Maghsoodi, S. (2019). Relationship Between the Presence of Women in Urban Space and The Criteria for Urban Desirability Using Structural Equation Modeling. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 17(4), 71-108. [Text in Persian] | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 251 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 167 |
||